There is pronunciation variability of some consonants in Choctaw that occurs with some speakers.^ The phonemes /s/ and /ʃ/ are neutralized at the end of words.These consonants become realized when suffixes are attached. Words apparently ending in a vowel actually have either a glottal stop /ʔ/ or a glottal fricative /h/ as the final consonant. ^ According to one analysis, all words must end in a consonant.
Additionally, the voiceless stops are slightly aspirated at the onset of words and before stressed syllables, behaving like English voiceless plosives. The voiceless plosives /p/, /t/, and /k/ may become partially voiced between vowels, especially /k/ and especially for male speakers. When suffixes are mentioned within this section, please refer to the section on Morphology for further clarification.
Other speakers live near Tallahassee, Florida, and with the Koasati in Louisiana, and also a few speakers live in Texas and California. Choctaw of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians near Philadelphia, Mississippi.Mississippi Choctaw of Oklahoma on Chickasaw Nation of south central Oklahoma (near Durwood)."Native" Choctaw on the Choctaw Nation in southeastern Oklahoma.
There are three dialects of Choctaw (Mithun 1999): The discussion of Choctaw grammar below uses the linguistic variant of the orthography. In the "linguistic" version, the acute accent shows the position of the pitch accent, rather than the length of the vowel. Many publications by linguists about the Choctaw language use a slight variant of the "modern" orthography listed here, where long vowels are written as doubled. He stayed with the Choctaws in Mississippi before removal and followed them to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) after their 'removal'. Cyrus Byington worked nearly 50 years translating the Bible into Choctaw. Although there are other variations of the Choctaw alphabet, the three most commonly seen are the Byington (Original), Byington/Swanton (Linguistic), and Modern (Mississippi Choctaw). The written Choctaw language is based upon English version of the Roman alphabet and was developed in conjunction with the civilization program of the United States in the early 19th century.
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